Joint Bank Account in Greece After The Passing Of A Joint Owner

Joint Bank Account in Greece After The Passing Of A Joint Owner By Christos ILIOPOULOS* Athens, 30 November 2020 A joint bank account is a bank account where more than one person are owners of the account, each of them having the right to independently withdraw money from the balance of the account, without the consent of the other joint owners. Each time a joint owner withdraws money from the joint account, the bank’s obligation towards all the joint owners is deleted for the amount the joint owner withdrew. If the balance of a joint account is 10,000 euros and one of the three joint owners independently withdraws, on his/her own and without the necessary consent of the others, the amount of 2,000 euros, the bank’s obligation towards all the joint owners is reduced to 8,000 euros. Under Greek law, if one of the joint owners withdraws an amount of money from the balance of the joint account, the other joint owners have the right to claim the amount or a part of it, from the owner who withdrew the amount, not from the bank. The other joint owners can claim their share from the amount the joint owner withdrew, depending on the legal relationship between all joint owners and their internal agreements. For example, if two partners in a company have an agreement that they share 50/50 the profits of their company, and one of them withdraws 5,000 euros from their joint account, the other has the right to claim from his partner 2,500 euros. If they own a company where partner A owns 80% of the company, while partner B owns 20%, in case partner B withdraws any amount from their joint account, partner A has the right to claim 80% of the amount partner B withdrew from their joint bank account. If the joint owners of the bank account do not have any specific agreement between them or if it cannot be proven what was their internal agreement, Greek law states that they should split 50/50 the balance of their joint bank account, in case of dispute. If one of the joint owners dies, the surviving owners become owners of the balance of the account. All Greek banks, based on a Greek law of 1932, each time a joint bank account is opened, provide for signing standard forms which, among other terms, state that in the case where one of the joint owners passes, the heirs of that joint owner do not have any right on the balance of the joint account, which becomes the ownership of the surviving joint owners. The Greek tax authority does not claim inheritance taxes on the balance of that account, because the balance goes to the surviving joint owners not as heirs, but in their own right. In its Decision No. 351/2018 the Supreme Court of Greece dealt with a case where the father, the daughter and the son owned a joint bank account, which of course included the term that in case of the passing of one of the co-owners, the balance goes to the surviving owners and not to the heirs of the deceased joint owner. The father died and therefore the account became a joint account between the daughter and the son, not because they were the heirs of the deceased joint owner, but because they were the surviving joint owners, irrespective of their kinship to the deceased. After the passing of the father, the son withdrew an amount and the daughter claimed from him 50% of it. When he refused her claim, she filed a civil action and both the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeals determined that, in the absence of any specific internal agreement between the two joint owners, son and daughter, the daughter was entitled to receive from her brother the 50% of what he had withdrew from their joint account. When the son challenged the decision at the Supreme Court, the decision was the same, confirming that the judgments of the lower courts had properly applied the law. . *Christos ILIOPOULOS, attorney at the Supreme Court of Greece , LL.M. www.greekadvocate.eu e-mail: bm-bioxoi@otenet.gr